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On April 26, according to the Wall Street Journal, in order to simplify the negotiations on reciprocal tariffs, US negotiating officials plan to use a new framework developed by the Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR), which lists major categories of negotiations, such as tariffs and quotas, non-tariff trade barriers, digital trade, product origin principles, economic security and other commercial issues. In these categories, US officials will put forward specific requirements for individual countries, but people familiar with the matter emphasized that this document may also be adjusted at any time. People familiar with the matter said that the United States initial plan is to negotiate with 18 major trading partners in turn over the next two months. The initial plan is to alternately participate in the talks with six countries per week for three weeks (six countries in the first week, another six countries in the second week, and another six countries in the third week) until the deadline of July 8. If US President Trump does not extend the 90-day suspension period he set by then, those countries that cannot reach an agreement will begin to face reciprocal tariffs.On April 26, after the United States announced additional tariffs on goods from many countries, Peruvian business people expressed concerns that the US governments extreme measures would disrupt the global trade order and may even trigger a global economic recession. Alvaro Barrenechea Chavez, vice president of the Peruvian-Chinese Chamber of Commerce, said that the negative impact of the US tariff policy has begun to emerge and hoped that the US government would rethink. Recognizing the importance of countries working together to promote development, I think this is the best way to become a true "world citizen."Market news: Musks xAI company plans to raise about US$20 billion in a financing round.Conflict situation: 1. Ukrainian top commander: Russia tried to use air strikes as a cover to increase ground attacks, but was repelled by Ukraine. 2. Ukrainian Air Force: Russia launched more than 103 drones in the night attack on Ukraine. 3. Local officials said Ukraine launched an attack in the Belgorod region of Russia, killing two people. 4. The local governor said that Russia launched an attack on the Dnipropetrovsk region of Ukraine, killing one person and injuring eight people. Peace talks: 1. Trump: ① The situation between Russia and Ukraine is gradually becoming clear, and they are "very close" to reaching an agreement. ② Ukraine is unlikely to join NATO. ③ Ukraine has not yet signed the rare earth agreement and hopes that the agreement can be signed immediately. ④ It is foreseeable that the United States will conduct commercial cooperation with Ukraine and Russia after reaching an agreement. 2. Russian Foreign Minister: Russia is "ready to reach an agreement on Ukraine." 3. Russian Presidential Assistant Ushakov: Russia and the United States will continue to maintain active dialogue. 4. Russian Presidential Assistant: Putin discussed the possibility of resuming direct negotiations between Russia and Ukraine with the US envoy. 5. The differences between the United States, Europe and Ukraine are clear. The documents show that European countries and Ukraine have raised objections to some of the US proposals to end the Russia-Ukraine conflict. 6. Market news: As part of the peace agreement, the United States asked Russian President Putin to abandon the demilitarization requirement. Other situations: 1. President of Hungarys OTP Bank: We hope to return to all business areas in Russia after the (Russia-Ukraine) conflict ends. 2. Ukrainian President Zelensky: US ground forces are not necessary for Ukraine. 3. Trump said Crimea will remain in Russia, Zelensky: Never recognize it. Agreeing with Trumps view, Crimea cannot be recovered by force. 4. NATO Secretary-General Rutte met with Trump and senior US officials to discuss defense spending, NATO summit, and the Ukrainian conflict.Rising global trade risks, overall policy uncertainty and the sustainability of U.S. debt top the list of potential risks to the U.S. financial system, according to the Federal Reserves latest financial stability report released on Friday. This is the first time the Fed has conducted a semi-annual survey on financial risks since Trump returned to the White House. 73% of respondents said that global trade risks are their biggest concern, more than double the proportion reported in November. Half of the respondents believe that overall policy uncertainty is the most worrying issue, an increase from the same period last year. The survey also found that issues related to recent market turmoil have received more attention, with 27% of respondents worried about the functioning of the U.S. Treasury market, up from 17% last fall. Foreign withdrawals from U.S. assets and the value of the dollar have also risen on the list of concerns.

These Are the 3 Biggest Differences Between a Cryptocurrency and a CBDC

Haiden Holmes

Mar 23, 2022 16:55

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There are significant distinctions between BTC and central bank-developed tokens, most notably the fact that most CBDCs are still in the research and development phase.


Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) have become a major source of worry for governments throughout the globe. From Jamaica to Japan, every central bank you can think of is either talking about them, urgently wanting to develop them, or is actively attempting to launch them.


The Reserve Bank of India, the subcontinent's central bank, may launch its digital rupee as early as this year.


Meanwhile, in the world's most populated nation, improvement is even more rapid. China, which is already testing the digital RMB in 11 major cities, including the capital Beijing and economic powerhouses Shanghai and Shenzhen, has started enrolling its largest commercial banks and IT enterprises to the new coin.


Even the world's largest economy, the United States, is considering a digital greenback debut, with some in the industry calling an American CBDC "inevitable."


Some argue that the development of crypto has pressed central banks' hands, compelling them to develop their own response to digital tokens such as Bitcoin and Ethereum. But what is the primary difference between CBDCs and coins such as BTC?

CBDCs are not required to utilize blockchains

Many central banks are basing their pilot tokens on public blockchain technologies that are already in place. South Korea, for example, is now testing its digital KRW prototype on the Klaytn blockchain (which uses the native Klay token). The latter was created by a subsidiary of Kakao, a local internet behemoth. Australia's central bank is also considering an Ethereum-powered option.


Other notable CBDC initiatives, such as Sweden's e-krona proposal, have also said that they would utilize blockchain and distributed ledger technology.


However, unlike crypto, which is by definition decentralized, CBDCs are not required to employ blockchain. Consider the digital RMB. China's government has championed blockchain technology but has opted to essentially disregard it in the development of the e-CNY, which is presently being shown to the world during the Winter Olympics.


In principle, a central bank might develop a digital currency in a variety of ways, and blockchain technology is only one of several instruments available to bankers. The same cannot be true with crypto. Because, as every experienced crypto trader understands, a cryptocurrency without a blockchain is, in the end, a hoax.

CBDCs represent the pinnacle of centralization, whereas cryptos represent the polar opposite

The above is a fantastic illustration of the next most significant distinction between coins such as BTC and CBDCs. The People's Bank of China (PBoC) does not need to adopt blockchain technology for its token since transparency and decentralization are not the central goals of the coin's creation.


Some opponents (including Washington-based lawmakers) argue that the PBoC is really developing the e-CNY in order to boost centralization.


Cash is the de facto currency of the underground market, and governments, including Beijing, despise it. They also despise the fact that IT businesses now have a stronghold on payment networks, owing to the fact that large IT organizations operate across borders and may become immensely powerful.


Skeptics claim that if CBDCs are effective, they will allow them to kill two birds with one stone. They could (theoretically) eliminate illegal markets, freeze criminals' cash, and reclaim control of payments from IT corporations by creating a centralized digital currency with no features of anonymity built in.


Centralization would basically situate central banks, which are now on the outskirts of everyday economic activity, as the central, commanding entities at the core of domestic finance. Crypto, its supporters argue, aims to achieve the exact opposite.

CBDCs are (currently) primarily hypothetical and are just in the development stages

Crypto has a huge advantage over CBDCs. Although crypto pay incentives have never truly taken off, crypto ownership has increased dramatically in recent years. People may not want to spend BTC and altcoins, but they seem eager to acquire them.


If you tell people you hold Bitcoin, Ethereum, or other cryptocurrencies, you are no longer an anomaly. Indeed, many conventional financial consultants now advise their clients to put a tiny portion of their portfolio in crypto — advice that some city treasuries are taking to heart.


CBDCs, on the other hand, are still in their infancy. CBDC rollouts are still years away, according to experts, with the exception of a few nations such as the Bahamas and Cambodia.


China's development is amazing, but the PBoC still claims that its digital yuan initiative is in the "R&D phase." Other countries, like Israel, are claiming advances, but the fact is that no one knows when, how, or if CBDCs will be launched, or how actively central banks will push them.


Meanwhile, the crypto market continues to expand. And, with central banks increasingly preoccupied with combating inflation – another reason that seems to be pushing up crypto acceptance in numerous locations – crypto enthusiasts believe that CBDCs have an uphill struggle in their drive to catch up to, and even exceed, crypto.