The suspension of shipments of the cooking oil and its raw material, which are extensively used in items ranging from cakes to cosmetics, may increase prices for packaged food makers worldwide and compel governments to choose between utilizing vegetable oils for food or biofuel. Indonesia produces more than half of the world's palm oil.
Indonesian President Joko Widodo stated in a video broadcast that he intended to assure domestic food supply after global food inflation reached a record high after Russia's invasion of key grain producer Ukraine.
"I will monitor and analyze the execution of this policy to ensure that cooking oil is available and inexpensive in the domestic market," he said.
The move would harm consumers in India's largest market and around the world, according to Atul Chaturvedi, head of the Solvent Extractors Association of India (SEA).
"This is a sad and very unexpected action," he said.
Alternative vegetable oil costs increased in anticipation of the measure's implementation on April 28. On the Chicago Board of Trade, soybean oil, the second most widely used vegetable oil, increased 4.5 percent to a record high of 83.21 cents a pound.
Global prices for crude palm oil, which Indonesia uses as cooking oil, have soared to record highs this year, owing to increased demand and sluggish supply from leading suppliers Indonesia and Malaysia, as well as an Indonesian restriction on palm oil exports in January that was removed in March.
Large consumers of palm oil include household product and food firms such as Procter & Gamble (NYSE:PG) Co, Nestle SA (SIX:NESN), and Unilever (NYSE:UL) PLC. Mondelez International Inc (NASDAQ:MDLZ), the creator of Oreo cookies, accounts for 0.5 percent of worldwide palm oil usage, according to its website.
Other nations have experimented with crop protectionist policies in an attempt to control local pricing. Argentina, the world's largest exporter of processed soy, temporarily suspended new exports of soy oil and meal in mid-March before increasing the export tax on those goods to 33% from 31%.
Rather than export limits, the US Department of Agriculture promoted international collaboration throughout the Ukraine crisis.
Prices of edible oils on a global scale
This year's global edible oil markets have been roiled by Russia's invasion of Ukraine, a move Russia describes as a "special operation" to demilitarize its neighbor, which resulted in the region's sunflower oil supply being cut off.
The Black Sea area accounts for 76% of global sunoil exports, and commercial shipping from the region has been seriously harmed since Russian soldiers invaded Ukraine in February.
Alternatives such as soy and rapeseed oil are also scarce, after drought-stricken harvests in Argentina, Brazil, and Canada.
New processing facilities for soy and canola oil are likely to develop in the United States and Canada in the coming years as demand for plant-based biofuels increases, but scaling up output in the short term will be challenging.
The Clean Fuels Alliance America claimed the measure might damage biofuel producers, even though US manufacturers of biodiesel and renewable diesel do not utilize palm oil, due to restricted supply of all oils.
THE SKY IS THE LIMIT
"The sky is the limit for edible oil pricing at the moment. Buyers shifted their focus to palm oil after the collapse of sunoil supply due to the Ukraine conflict "According to a Mumbai-based trader with a worldwide trading business.
"At the moment, they (customers) have little choice since soyoil supplies are equally restricted."
Malaysian producers assert that the world's second largest exporter of palm oil, which is suffering a production deficit owing to a pandemic-induced labor shortage, is unlikely to close the gap.
Since 2018, Indonesia has halted the issue of new licences for palm oil plantations, which are often blamed for deforestation and habitat destruction of endangered creatures such as orangutans.
GAPKI, the palm oil industry group, said that it will follow the policy but with misgivings.
"If this policy has a detrimental effect on the sustainability of the palm oil business, we will urge the government to reconsider," it said in a statement.
In Indonesia, the average retail price of cooking oil is 26,436 rupiah ($1.84) per litre, an increase of more than 40% year to date. Prices in certain areas have virtually quadrupled in the last month alone, according to a pricing tracking website.
Students have demonstrated in numerous locations throughout Indonesia in recent days in protest of rising cooking oil costs.
The Indonesian government has capped the price of bulk cooking oil at 14,000 rupiah per litre, but Trade Ministry figures reveal that it was sold for more than 18,000 rupiah this month.
The government is investigating allegations of corruption concerning highly sought-after export licences.
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